Why Government Agencies Require IAL3 Identity Proofing

Why Government Agencies Require IAL3 Identity Proofing

Historically, the only way to obtain IAL3 assurance was via in-person verification sessions with supervisory personnel; however, for companies with remote-first cultures this approach would prove infeasible.

NIST Special Publication 800-63A provides guidelines for identity proofing, authentication and federation controls to manage organizational risks effectively.

IAL3 Compliant Solution

NIST digital identity guidelines employ a tiered system of assurance levels (IAL, AAL and FAL) designed to address user needs and risk with appropriate levels of protection offered. This ensures that those most in need can gain access to higher levels of assurance while mitigating against highly scalable social engineering attacks like evidence falsification, theft and repudiation.

Traditional methods for verifying an IAL3 claim require on-site presence by a certified examiner and involve numerous documents and biometrics, including multispectral UV light analysis for document forgery detection and facial recognition with liveness detection to verify claimed identities in real world situations. Unfortunately, these approaches are expensive and time consuming to implement for remote users.

Trust Swiftly's hardware-based remote NIST IAL3 verification solution meets NIST requirements while saving companies money and helping reduce security risks to satisfy auditors. Its scalable and robust process provides users with an effortless experience while protecting against advanced threats.

IAL3 Assurance

IAL3 requires either an individually present at their identity proofing session (or supervised remotely) to complete it with their Credential Service Provider (CSP). This on-site process includes checking evidence like passports against authoritative sources before concluding with biometric comparison to ensure they represent who they claim they do.

At NIST 800-63A IAL3, one key requirement is the use of attribute references rather than attribute values; this ensures RPs cannot easily impersonate their CSP and helps restrict attackers from employing social engineering techniques like spoofing, repudiation and other advanced social engineering tactics.

NIST no longer endorses a single level of assurance; rather they advise agencies to select from among IAL, AAL and FAL depending on their business and security risk management needs.

IAL3 Scalability

NIST has established three Identity Assurance Levels (IALs), each of which involves more stringent requirements. For instance, Level One does not involve mapping claimed identities to real people but instead relies on self-asserted attributes; Level Two introduces knowledge-based authentication and device binding; finally Level Three requires physical presence or remote IAL3 identity proofing as well as biometric comparison against strong pieces of identity evidence - these standards of verification are widely employed within finance, such as PSD2 and GLBA regulations.

RPs must identify an initial assurance level (xAL) that fits their risk appetite. For instance, some relying parties do not require personal information for digital transactions and therefore can use a low assurance level; similar to social media accounts. Financial services utilize an increased assurance level (IAL) in order to meet regulatory requirements and decrease account takeover risks by criminals. When choosing an xAL level it should take into account business needs, public trust, user equity considerations.

IAL3 Flexibility

NIST digital identity guidelines offer three assurance levels - IAL1, IAL2 and IAL3 - with gradually tighter requirements. In IAL1 no mapping between claimed identity and real life is performed or verification that user actually owns identified attributes - think social media accounts!

At this level, an organization must use various forms of identification documents - either remotely or physically - in order to verify a claimed identity. Additionally, this level allows organizations to use passwordless authentication methods certified by FIDO like HYPR for additional authentication measures.

IAL3 of the NIST digital identity guidelines requires physical presence (in-person or supervised remote), facial biometric verification to compare subjects against evidence and limited collection of personally identifiable information (PII) that will lead to authenticated subject or credentials and an authentication service provider (CSP) who limits what PII they collect to resolve those authenticated subjects or credentials; additionally relying parties must protect identities against impersonation fraud and any significant harmful damage that may result.

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