China Builds Mega Dam to Gain Leverage Over South Asia
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China Builds Mega Dam to Gain Leverage Over South Asia
India and China may start a water war due to Beijing’s construction of the world’s largest dam on the Yarlung Zangbo, or Brahmaputra River. The project, which is expected to disrupt water flow to millions downstream and cause a future water catastrophe, is aimed at energy requirements. The article suggests options for India to avoid the conflict.
Impact on the Himalayan environment
This project will undoubtedly change the river’s natural flow, increasing with dam size. The number of people needing to relocate to make room for the dam and reservoir it will generate is unknown. However, concerns over water security have also been raised.
China may use dam operations by hiding information about them, including start and completion dates, effects and displacement of people. Over 60% are still in the proposal or planning stages. If completed, these dams could demolish places of worship, force over 1.2 million people to relocate and destroy historic monasteries. The new mega-dam also presents environmental risks and could significantly influence nearby nations, particularly India.
Using water as a geopolitical weapon
With this enormous project, China aims to use the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon’s massive hydroelectric potential and to meet its carbon neutrality targets.
Concerns about China using water as a geopolitical weapon and creating a dam for quid pro quo for Bangladesh and India in its already volatile relationship with India are raised by this extraordinary control. Some respite is offered by the Brahmaputra’s distinctive tributary system, which guarantees that about 48% of its water comes from India. The project still faces enormous obstacles for the ecology and the millions of people who depend on the river.
What options does India have?
India might lead a counter-coalition of nations that share Transboundary Rivers, creating a shared institutional framework for improved transboundary management of shared rivers. Such an organization may combine best practices for water management and establish an alliance called the “South Asian Water Assessment Network” (SAWAN) while providing more negotiating power concerning China. Such an alliance may subject any upstream infractions to collective economic fines.
India and other South and Southeast Asian nations must learn to negotiate jointly with China if collaboration and the fair use of shared water resources are to continue to be the goal. China must participate in multi-lateral transboundary water policy forums to create a mutually advantageous management architecture and data sharing standards to be a true global leader. Plans for dam projects and hydrological data should not be used as leverage in negotiations against governments downstream.
Will water diplomacy have any space between China and India? India needs to demonstrate a stronger desire to interact with China to navigate the modern world and build relationships among leaders. To achieve this, India must understand their differing perspectives on diplomatic engagement and have a well-defined goal supported by domestic strategic clarity. Regardless of its inclusion in the strategy process, setting water diplomacy is crucial, primarily since the Government of India reportedly seeks to increase its political and economic ties with China. To manage the risks of building certain dams, India must neutralize water dependency on China and counteract Chinese state influence domestically with more credible plans.
Water diplomacy involves dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders like Bangladesh, China, India, organizations and communities to address water issues and disputes. It aims to resolve water crises and conflicts over shared resources, fostering regional stability and peace. Hydropower, a reliable and affordable source of clean electricity, can also cause conflict. However, water can also be a tool for peace. If water diplomacy fails, long-term water reliance from China could pose a significant threat. Therefore, a diplomatic water deal is needed to address these issues.
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